{"id":6517,"date":"2020-12-08T05:18:08","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T05:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nashernews.com\/la-poesie-un-truc-de-democrate\/"},"modified":"2020-12-08T05:18:08","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T05:18:08","slug":"la-poesie-un-truc-de-democrate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nashernews.com\/fr\/la-poesie-un-truc-de-democrate\/","title":{"rendered":"La Po\u00e9sie, un \u00ab Truc \u00bb de D\u00e9mocrate ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ce n\u2019est peut-\u00eatre pas aussi important que la r\u00e9-int\u00e9gration des USA dans les Accords de Paris sur le Climat ou la mise en place d\u2019un groupe de travail \u00ab\u00a0Covid\u00a0\u00bb. Pourtant, un membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Pr\u00e9sident \u00e9lu Joe Biden doit n\u00e9anmoins pr\u00e9parer l\u2019investiture du nouveau Pr\u00e9sident le 20 janvier 2021.<\/p>\n

La mission met en lumi\u00e8re l\u2019une des singularit\u00e9s de la politique am\u00e9ricaine. Cinq po\u00e8tes ont lu ou r\u00e9cit\u00e9 des po\u00e8mes lors d\u2019investitures pr\u00e9sidentielles am\u00e9ricaines, et cela s\u2019est toujours d\u00e9roul\u00e9 dans le cas de pr\u00e9sidents d\u00e9mocrates.<\/p>\n

Robert Frost, aux cheveux blancs, fins et clairsem\u00e9s, a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier, en 1961, lors de l\u2019investiture du Pr\u00e9sident John F. Kennedy, et le lien d\u00e9mocrate avec la po\u00e9sie s\u2019est poursuivi avec Bill Clinton (\u00e0 deux reprises) et Barack Obama (\u00e0 deux reprises \u00e9galement).<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019intervalle, aucun des r\u00e9publicains n\u2019a recherch\u00e9 l\u2019aide des po\u00e8tes, bien que l\u2019ancienne biblioth\u00e9caire et enseignante Laura Bush ait organis\u00e9 une r\u00e9ception d\u2019auteurs am\u00e9ricains \u00e0 la veille de l\u2019investiture de son mari Georges W. Bush en 2001. On comptait parmi les invit\u00e9s, Mary Higgins Clark, l\u2019historien Stephen Ambrose et le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre critique de jazz Stanley Crouch.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est le 20 janvier 1961 que commen\u00e7a la tradition d\u2019int\u00e9grer un po\u00e8te \u00e0 la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie, si on peut appeler cela une tradition. En ce jour particuli\u00e8rement froid, Robert Frost a r\u00e9cit\u00e9 de t\u00eate son po\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0The Gift Outright\u00a0\u00bb, une demande sp\u00e9ciale du nouveau Pr\u00e9sident JFK. En fait, Frost avait bien \u00e9crit pour l\u2019occasion, un autre po\u00e8me \u2013 \u00ab\u00a0Dedication\u00a0\u00bb. Mais lorsqu\u2019il est mont\u00e9 sur le podium, s\u2019est produit un concours de circonstances, un ensoleillement particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9blouissant, le vent, des caract\u00e8res d\u2019impression peu lisibles,\u00a0tel qu\u2019il eut du mal \u00e0 lire le texte. Il avait alors presque 87 ans, \u00e9tait fr\u00eale et manifestement en difficult\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Dans les images des prises de vue en noir et blanc de l\u2019occasion, qui semblent bien cocasses, on voit le Vice-Pr\u00e9sident Lyndon B. Johnson mettre son chapeau au-dessus des feuilles volantes pour donner de l\u2019ombre, en vain. On entend quelques rires nerveux, et c\u2019est alors que le non-officiel po\u00e8te laur\u00e9at du pays se saisit du moment et r\u00e9cite le po\u00e8me tant appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0The Gift Outright\u00a0\u00bb, apportant ainsi un changement \u00e0 la demande initiale de Kennedy. Il remplace le conditionnel par le futur dans le dernier vers\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u2018To the land vaguely realizing westward,<\/p>\n

But still unstoried, artless, unenhanced,<\/p>\n

Such as she was, such as she will<\/em> become.\u2019<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

En 1993, Maya Angelou a lu \u00ab\u00a0On the Pulse of Morning\u00a0\u00bb lors de la premi\u00e8re investiture de Bill Clinton, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9 dans une \u00e9dition sp\u00e9ciale par Random House. Lors de la seconde investiture de Clinton, en 1997, Miller Williams, l\u2019ami de longue-date de Clinton, dans l\u2019Arkansas, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en 2015, a lu \u00ab\u00a0Of History and Hope\u00a0\u00bb. C\u2019est ensuite la jeune po\u00e8te Elizabeth Alexander, n\u00e9e \u00e0 Harlem, qui a lu \u00ab\u00a0Praise Song for the Day\u00a0\u00bb lors de la premi\u00e8re investiture de Barack Obama en 2009. Le po\u00e8me se termine joliment sur ces vers:<\/p>\n

\u2018In today\u2019s sharp sparkle, this winter air,<\/p>\n

any thing can be made, any sentence begun.<\/p>\n

On the brink, on the brim, on the cusp,<\/p>\n

praise song for walking forward in that light.\u2019<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lors de la seconde investiture de Obama, en 2013, Richard Blanco a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier latino et le premier po\u00e8te ouvertement homosexuel \u00e0 lire lors d\u2019une investiture pr\u00e9sidentielle. Son po\u00e8me \u00ab\u00a0One Today\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9bute avec une puissante introduction, comme si l\u2019on s\u2019\u00e9levait au-dessus de la terre.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2018One sun rose on us today, kindled over our shores,<\/p>\n

peeking over the Smokies, greeting the faces<\/p>\n

of the Great Lakes, spread simple truth<\/p>\n

across the Great Plains, then charging across the Rockies.\u2019<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Il est probable que Biden choisisse un po\u00e8te, ou tout du moins que la po\u00e9sie soit partie int\u00e9grante de la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie. La po\u00e9sie repr\u00e9sente sans doute plus pour Biden que pour n\u2019importe lequel de ses pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs. Il a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 ses r\u00e9citations de Yeats, enfant, pour gu\u00e9rir de son b\u00e9gaiement, et il adore citer Seamus Heaney, en particulier ce couplet de son interpr\u00e9tation de Philoct\u00e8te\u00a0de Sophocle<\/a>, \u00ab\u00a0The cure at Troy\u00a0\u00bb, publi\u00e9 par Faber\u00a0:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u2018History says, Don’t hope
\nOn this side of the grave,
\nBut then, once in a lifetime
\nThe longed-for tidal wave
\nOf justice can rise up
\nAnd hope and history rhyme.\u2019<\/p>\n

Il a cit\u00e9 ces lignes dans sa vid\u00e9o de campagne, une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence hautement litt\u00e9raire qui a laiss\u00e9 l\u2019actuel Pr\u00e9sident silencieux sur Twitter (bien que l\u2019on puisse imaginer Trump d\u00e9nigrer \u00ab\u00a0Seamus qui\u00a0? Joe l\u2019endormi a d\u00e9terr\u00e9 un quarterback dont personne n\u2019a jamais entendu parler. Triste, vraiment triste.\u00a0\u00bb)<\/p>\n

Est-ce que le fait que tous ces po\u00e8tes aient lu durant des investitures de pr\u00e9sidents d\u00e9mocrates signifie qu\u2019ils \u00e9taient ou sont d\u00e9mocrates eux-m\u00eames\u00a0? Angelou l\u2019\u00e9tait assur\u00e9ment\u00a0; ainsi que Miller Williams, qui a fait campagne pour Clinton. On peut supposer que Elizabeth Alexander l\u2019est, puisqu\u2019elle est une amie de Obama de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Chicago, o\u00f9 ils \u00e9taient tous deux membres du personnel. Ses parents \u00e9taient tous deux actifs dans le mouvement des droits civiques, et la portaient dans leurs bras, alors \u00e2g\u00e9e d\u2019un an, lors du c\u00e9l\u00e8bre discours de Martin Luther King \u00ab\u00a0I have a dream\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il semble hautement improbable que Blanco soit r\u00e9publicain. Il est, apr\u00e8s tout, un membre fondateur du Conseil Consultatif de la Fondation Obama. Ce qui ne laisse plus que l\u2019ic\u00f4ne am\u00e9ricaine, Robert Frost. Au d\u00e9but, on suppose qu\u2019il a d\u00fb \u00eatre d\u00e9mocrate\u00a0; apr\u00e8s tout, Kennedy, avait pour habitude de conclure ses discours de campagne en remerciant ceux qui \u00e9taient venus, et ensuite, en citant Frost, dans \u00ab\u00a0Stopping by Woods\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e0 propos \u00ab\u00a0des kilom\u00e8tres encore \u00e0 parcourir avant de dormir\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Mais en creusant un peu le sujet, on se rend compte que ce n\u2019est pas si \u00e9vident. Jay Parini dans \u00ab\u00a0Robert Frost A Life \u00bb note que Frost n\u2019\u00e9tait pas un fan du New Deal des Ann\u00e9es 30 \u2013 des mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale introduites par le Pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9mocrate Roosevelt\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0[Frost] a gard\u00e9 son conservatisme anti-New Deal jusqu\u2019au bout\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9crit Parini, \u00ab\u00a0persuad\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de survenir \u00e0 ses propres besoins et \u00e0 ceux de sa famille que de laisser l\u2019Etat le faire\u00a0\u00bb. Il d\u00e9testait la notion du collectif, de masse\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il d\u00e9testait aussi tous les \u00ab\u00a0isme\u00a0\u00bb, \u00e9videmment, pr\u00e9f\u00e9rant se d\u00e9finir comme un \u00ab\u00a0combattant solitaire\u00a0\u00bb, et exprimant une aversion pour le socialisme, le communisme, l\u2019anarchisme, et m\u00eame l\u2019humanisme, selon Parini. En cela, il \u00e9tait s\u2019apparentait plus \u00e0 un lib\u00e9ral.<\/p>\n

Il serait imprudent de conclure \u00e0 partir des investitures de seulement trois pr\u00e9sidents que seuls les d\u00e9mocrates ont une sensibilit\u00e9 po\u00e9tique, et il importe de noter que c\u2019est l\u2019administration de Ronald Reagan qui a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le poste de Po\u00e8te Laur\u00e9at des Etats-Unis en 1985.<\/p>\n

En 2017, l\u2019ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 Trump devient Pr\u00e9sident, le po\u00e8te de San Francisco et auteur Dean Rader a d\u2019abord d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019il ne lirait pas durant la c\u00e9r\u00e9monie d\u2019investiture, mais plus tard a dit au Washington Post\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Je pense que nous avons un devoir en tant qu\u2019artistes d\u2019int\u00e9grer nos voix \u00e0 une discussion plus large \u00e0 propos de notre pays et de notre culture. En quelque sorte, l\u2019investiture d\u2019un pr\u00e9sident est une affirmation de la d\u00e9mocratie. A plus large \u00e9chelle, il ne s\u2019agit pas seulement d\u2019une personne en particulier, mais d\u2019un id\u00e9al \u2013 un projet philosophique. \u00bb Il s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 que l\u2019appel n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 entendu, et aucun po\u00e8te ne s\u2019est exprim\u00e9 durant l\u2019investiture de Trump.<\/p>\n

Il sera int\u00e9ressant de voir qui sera choisi par Biden. Qui choisira-t-il pour marquer cette passation de pouvoir historique\u00a0? Qui choisira-t-il pour prononcer une phrase qui marquera la conscience nationale\u00a0? Qui saisira le moment et essaiera, sur cette sc\u00e8ne mondiale, de nous faire tous croire, pour citer \u00e0 nouveau Heaney, \u00ab\u00a0qu\u2019un autre rivage est accessible depuis ici\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ce n\u2019est peut-\u00eatre pas aussi important que la r\u00e9-int\u00e9gration des USA dans les Accords de Paris sur le Climat ou la mise en place d\u2019un groupe de travail \u00ab\u00a0Covid\u00a0\u00bb. Pourtant, un membre de l\u2019\u00e9quipe du Pr\u00e9sident \u00e9lu Joe Biden doit n\u00e9anmoins pr\u00e9parer l\u2019investiture du nouveau Pr\u00e9sident le 20 janvier 2021. La mission met en lumi\u00e8re […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6502,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-and-reportages","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa Po\u00e9sie, un \u00ab Truc \u00bb de D\u00e9mocrate ? - Nasher News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/nashernews.com\/fr\/la-poesie-un-truc-de-democrate\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La Po\u00e9sie, un \u00ab Truc \u00bb de D\u00e9mocrate ? - Nasher News\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ce n\u2019est peut-\u00eatre pas aussi important que la r\u00e9-int\u00e9gration des USA dans les Accords de Paris sur le Climat ou la mise en place d\u2019un groupe de travail \u00ab\u00a0Covid\u00a0\u00bb. 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